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Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of cattle manure in field-grown maize in semiarid conditions
- Ingrid A. N. Lino, Danielle K. A. Da Silva, Júlio C. R. Martins, Everardo V. S. B. Sampaio, Leonor C. Maia
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- Journal:
- Experimental Agriculture / Volume 55 / Issue 6 / December 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 December 2018, pp. 866-874
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We evaluated the effects of cattle manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in maize plants growing in a semiarid area of Brazilian north-east in 2012 and 2013. Three isolates of AMF (Acaulosporalongula URM-FMA 07 and URM-FMA 03, Claroideoglomusetunicatum UNIVASF 06A) were used, with or without the application of cattle manure, during two growing cycles. In the first year, significant effects of inoculation were detected for straw yield only when the manure was applied. In the second year, there was an interaction between fertilisation and inoculation for plant height and grain yield, with the highest values in the fertilised treatments. Inoculation with A. longula demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation in field-grown plants could be an alternative management for improving plant growth and grain yield, reducing the use of cattle manure. The AMF sporulation and mycorrhizal colonisation were improved after inoculation, and A. longula URM-FMA 07 increased sporulation by more than 15 times while inoculation with C. etunicatum increased sporulation by more than 3 times. The mycorrhizal inoculation is a management practice that can be useful for recovering or maintaining AMF infective propagules in soil, showing potential to be used in large-scale field conditions in Brazilian semiarid. Although mycorrhisation presents high agricultural relevance due to benefits promoted to the soil and plants, the knowledge about the factors influencing the interactions among microorganisms, soil and plants need to be broadened aiming to achieve successful crop management in semiarid regions.
Inoculum density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi needed to promote growth of Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings
- Cynthia M.C. Costa, Uided M.T. Cavalcante, Misael R. de Lima Jr., Leonor C. Maia
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Introduction. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can promote host growth and, among other benefits, alleviate the stress produced by transplanting seedlings from the nursery to the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the amount of AMF inoculum on growth of Hancornia speciosa (Mangaba tree). Materials and methods. A greenhouse experiment was performed using a randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 3 corresponding to: two AMF (Gigaspora albida Schenck & Smith and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdeman) treatments plus one control with plants without AMF three inoculum densities [(50, 100 and 300) spores per plant], with five replicates, in a methyl bromide sterilized soil. Results. After 120 d, seedlings associated with G. albida had greater height, shoot diameter and dry biomass of the aerial part and leaf area than those associated with G. tunicatum, independent of inoculum density. G. etunicatum did not influence growth of H. speciosa. Positive correlations occurred between plant growth parameters and root colonization promoted by G. albida. Regression analysis showed interaction between the inoculum density of G. albida and plant growth parameters. Discussion and conclusion. Increments in growth of H. speciosa can be obtained with inoculation of approximately 180 spores of G. albida per plant, which could reduce the necessary period of time for the transplanting of seedlings from the nursery to the field.
Mycorrhizal dependency of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)
- Uided Maaze T. Cavalcante, Leonor C. Maia, Cynthia M.C. Costa, Venézio F. Santos
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Introduction. Brazil is one of the most important producers of passion fruits. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may reduce or eliminate the need for phosphate fertilization on this crop. We investigated the response of passion fruit seedlings to inoculation with AMF and phosphorus (P) supply. Materials and methods. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in a factorial design. The seedlings were inoculated with 100 spores per plant of single or mixed AMF inoculum on sterilized or non-sterilized soil which was amended with (11 or 30) mgP × dm-3 soil applied as superphosphate or used unfertilized (4 mgP × dm-3 soil). Relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of passion fruit was estimated for each treatment of inoculation, soil sterilization, and P level, by expressing the difference between the dry mass of mycorrhizal plants and non-mycorrhizal plants as a percentage of the dry mass of mycorrhizal plants. Results. Inoculation was effective only on plants grown in sterilized soil with (4 or 11) mgP × dm-3 soil. Plants were "facultatively mycotrophic" when associated with AMF and when receiving a supply of 30 mgP × dm-3 soil. Seedlings in unfertilized soil with 4 mgP × dm-3 soil were excessively dependent on the mycorrhizal association. In soil with 11 mgP × dm-3 soil, seedlings were marginally to moderately dependent, depending upon the AMF species used. All inoculated seedlings, without considering soil sterilization, were marginally dependent in soil with 30 mgP × dm-3 soil. In sterilized soil, independently of P, they were moderately dependent. However, in the same soil, with 30 mgP × dm-3 soil, the seedlings were marginally dependent. Discussion - conclusion. The relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of the passion fruit cultivar used was influenced by the species of the inoculated AMF, soil sterilization and soil P level. Passion fruit obtained significant benefit from inoculation with AMF; thus, these fungi can be used to improve plant growth even without P fertilization.
A Revision of the Names of Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi Published by Batista and Co-Workers Between 1960 and 1975
- Robert Lücking, Emmanuël SÉrusiaux, Leonor C. Maia, Eugênia C. G. Pereira
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- Journal:
- The Lichenologist / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / March 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2007, pp. 121-191
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- March 1998
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Between 1960 and 1975, 212 names of foliicolous lichenized fungi (or believed to have such a biological status) were described or used by A. C. Batista and co-workers. A considerable number of the new names were not validly published but mentioned as nomina nuda in various papers, while a further 69 names exist only as herbarium names. A taxonomic revision demonstrates that 36 of the 38 validly described genera ( = 95%) and 56 of the 68 validly published species and varieties ( = 82%) are either synonyms of previously known taxa, or represent non-lichenized or lichenicolous fungi, or cannot be readily identified and remain nomina dubia. Most of the descriptions refer to pycnidia, particularly those of the Strigulaceae (5 genera, 8 species or varieties), the hyphophores of Gomphillaceae (6 genera, 10 species), and the genus Microtheliopsis (3 genera, 3 species), whereas campylidia of the Ectolechiaceae are under-represented. A further six, monotypic genera correspond to lichenicolous or non-lichenized fungi. The following validly described taxa remain as autonomous genera or species of foliicolous lichens: Amazonomyces Bat., a generic name taken up for two species previously placed in Stirtonia and Cryptothecia, with two new combinations: Amazonomyces sprucei (R. Sant.) Lücking, Sérus. & Thor comb. nov. [Bas.: Stirtonia sprucei R. Sant.; Syn.: Amazonomyces palmae Bat. & Cavalc], and Amazonomyces farkasiae (Lücking) Lücking, Sérus. & Thor comb. nov. [Bas.: Cryptothecia farkasiae Lücking]; Lyromma Bat. & H. Maia, a distinctive genus of the Dothideales, with two species described by Batista and co-workers, and one new combination: Lyromma palmae (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Anconomyces palmae Cavalc. & A. A. Silva]; Arthonia lecythidicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Ameropeltomyces lecythidicola Bat. & H. Maia]; Arthonia orbignyae (H. B. P. Upadhyay) Matzer [Bas.: Opegrapha orbignyae H. B. P. Upadhyay; Syn.: Arthonia opegraphina Lücking]; Asterothyrium aspidospermatis (Peres) Lücking & Sérus. comb, nov. [Bas.: Actinoteichus aspidospermatis Peres] and Asterothyrium pernambucense (Cavalc.) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Actinoteichus pernambucensis Cavalc], two apomictic pycnidial forms of Asterothyrium, in addition to the reinstalled A. umbilicatum (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg.; Byssoloma guttiferae (Bat. & Peres) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Crocicreomyces guttiferae Bat. & Peres; Syn.: Byssoloma aeruginascens Vězda]; Phyllobathelium leguminosae (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Septoriomyces leguminosae Cavalc. & A. A. Silva]; Tricharia couepiae (Bat.) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. [Bas.: Aderkomyces couepiae Bat.] and Trichothelium brasiliense J. L. Bezerra & L. Xavier. Echinoplaca amapensis Bat. & Poroca, a distinctive species with characters that suggest a placement into the Arthoniaceae, will most probably require a new genus when more material is available. One species is validated and two are described as new: Bapalmuia verrucosa Serus. & Lucking spec, nov., Enterographa batistae Lucking & Serus. spec, nov. and Opegrapha ducket Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. ex Lucking & Serus.